Scientific analyses

When developing a product for the regulated healthcare market, data is often either already generated within the company or data is already available from the best available external evidence. This can often be used to position a product very precisely in the market or to prove its safety and effectiveness.

A scientific analysis is a systematic and methodical investigation of a research object with the objective of gaining new insights or testing existing theories. It is a central component of scientific work and is used in all disciplines.

The principles of scientific work should ensure that results are credible, repeatable and trustworthy. This work in accordance with international standards also guarantees the transparency of all work, from the formulation of the research question through to the presentation of all results. It is the basis for fact-based decisions.

Fundamentals

The scientific analysis is characterised by the following features:

• Systematic and structured approach
• Use of recognised scientific methods
• Objectivity and comprehensibility
• Critical consideration and questioning of results

Methods

Different methods of analysis are used depending on the field of research and the research question:

1. Quantitative methods: Based on the collection and statistical analysis of numerical data.
   • Examples: Regression analysis, analysis of variance, factor analysis
2. Qualitative methods: Focus on the interpretation of non-numerical data.
   • Examples: Content analysis, discourse analysis, grounded theory
3. Mixed methods: Combining quantitative and qualitative approaches.

Procedure of a scientific analysis

1. Formulation of the research question
2. Literature research and review of the current state of research
3. Selection of suitable methodology
4. Data collection (conducting a clinical study)
5. Data analysis and interpretation
6. Presentation and discussion of the results

Quality criteria

The following quality criteria are used to ensure the quality of a scientific analysis:

• Objectivity: Independence of the results from researchers
• Reliability: reliability and repeatability of the measurement
• Validity: Validity and informative value of the results

Areas of application

Scientific analyses are used in many areas, including

• Basic research
• Applied research in industry and business
• Evaluation of measures and programmes
• Policy advice and decision-making

Challenges and limitations

Various challenges can arise when conducting scientific analyses:

• Complexity of the phenomena being analysed
• Limitations due to available resources and data
• Ethical issues in research on animals or humans
• Possible bias due to bias of the researchers
• Attempt to exert influence by outsiders
• Overestimation of own abilities
• Overinterpretation of data

Conclusion

Scientific analysis is an indispensable tool for generating knowledge and testing theories. Thanks to its systematic and comprehensible approach, it contributes significantly to scientific progress and forms the basis for evidence-based decisions in many areas of society.

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